SSH Login Guide

Prerequisites

Before connecting to SRILS Server, ensure you have:

• SSH client installed on your local machine
• Valid user credentials (username and password or SSH key)
• Network access to the server

Connecting to SRILS Server

There are two ways to access the SRILS servers depending on your network location:

Internal Access (Within Network)

For users within the internal network, you can connect directly to the servers:

# Connect to SRILS-01
ssh user@01.srils.cn

# Connect to SRILS-02
ssh user@02.srils.cn

External Access (From Internet)

For users connecting from outside the network, use the external gateway with specific ports:

# Connect to SRILS-01 (external)
ssh -p 52001 user@ext.srils.cn

# Connect to SRILS-02 (external)
ssh -p 52002 user@ext.srils.cn

SSH Client Installation

Windows

SSH client is built-in on Windows 10 (version 1809+) and Windows 11:

# Open PowerShell or Windows Terminal
# Check SSH version
ssh --version

Recommended Terminals:

• PowerShell (built-in on all Windows versions)
• Windows Terminal (recommended for Windows 11, available from Microsoft Store)
• Command Prompt (basic terminal, works but less features)

If SSH is not available on older Windows versions, you can install it via:

# Install OpenSSH Client (Windows 10 version 1803+)
Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0

macOS

SSH client is pre-installed:

# Open Terminal
ssh --version

Linux

SSH client is typically pre-installed:

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install openssh-client

# CentOS/RHEL
sudo yum install openssh-clients

SSH Configuration File

Create a config file for easier connections:

# Create/edit SSH config file
nano ~/.ssh/config

Add server configurations for SRILS servers:

# SRILS-01 Internal Access
Host srils01
    HostName 01.srils.cn
    User user
    Port 22
    ServerAliveInterval 60
    ServerAliveCountMax 3

# SRILS-02 Internal Access
Host srils02
    HostName 02.srils.cn
    User user
    Port 22
    ServerAliveInterval 60
    ServerAliveCountMax 3

# SRILS-01 External Access
Host srils01-ext
    HostName ext.srils.cn
    User user
    Port 52001
    ServerAliveInterval 60
    ServerAliveCountMax 3

# SRILS-02 External Access
Host srils02-ext
    HostName ext.srils.cn
    User user
    Port 52002
    ServerAliveInterval 60
    ServerAliveCountMax 3

Now you can connect easily with short commands:

# Internal connections
ssh srils01
ssh srils02

# External connections
ssh srils01-ext
ssh srils02-ext

Troubleshooting SSH Connection

Common Issues and Solutions

Connection Refused

# Check if SSH service is running
sudo systemctl status ssh

# Start SSH service if needed
sudo systemctl start ssh

Permission Denied

# Check SSH key permissions
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa
chmod 644 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
chmod 700 ~/.ssh

Host Key Verification Failed

# Remove old host key
ssh-keygen -R your-server-ip

# Or edit known_hosts file
nano ~/.ssh/known_hosts

Security Best Practices

1. Use SSH Keys: Always prefer key-based authentication over passwords
2. Strong Passwords: If using password auth, use strong, unique passwords
3. Regular Updates: Keep SSH client and server updated
4. Firewall Rules: Ensure only necessary ports are open
5. Monitor Access: Regularly check SSH logs for unauthorized attempts